使用学术论文的语言将下面一段话翻译成汉语：Reducing the membrane thickness of Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer was found to efficiently promote the hydrogen production rate. However, it can also aggravate the phenomenon of hydrogen permeation, leading to an increased hydrogen content on the anode side and posing a risk of explosions. Thus, optimal design of the membrane thickness of PEM electrolyzer systems is crucial to ensure both safe and efficient hydrogen production. In this paper, we propose two optimization problems for the membrane thicknesses, aiming at achieving a balance between the hydrogen content on the anode side and the hydrogen production rate under constant and varying power input conditions. First, the theoretical model of a PEM electrolyzer is established, and a photovoltaic-PEM electrolyzer system is considered to provide varying power input conditions. Then, the two optimization problems are formulated and resolved using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms, respectively. Our results reveal that the optimal membrane thickness decreases as the constant input power increases. This suggests that high/low power inputs require thin/thick membranes. For varying power input, we collected one year of solar radiation intensity data from four different regions in China. The findings demonstrate that the selection of the optimal membrane thickness depends not only on the average solar radiation intensity but also on its seasonal variations. By applying these strategies, we effectively optimize the membrane thickness in PEM electrolyzer systems, thereby enhancing the efficiency and safety of hydrogen production. The outcomes provide valuable insights for selecting the appropriate membrane thickness in regions with varying solar radiation intensities and accounting for seasonal variations in solar radiation.
理解问题使用学术论文的语言将下面一段话翻译成汉语：Reducing the membrane thickness of Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer was found to efficiently promote the hydrogen production rate. However, it can also aggravate the phenomenon of hydrogen permeation, leading to an increased hydrogen content on the anode side and posing a risk of explosions. Thus, optimal design of the membrane thickness of PEM electrolyzer systems is crucial to ensure both safe and efficient hydrogen production. In this paper, we propose two optimization problems for the membrane thicknesses, aiming at achieving a balance between the hydrogen content on the anode side and the hydrogen production rate under constant and varying power input conditions. First, the theoretical model of a PEM electrolyzer is established, and a photovoltaic-PEM electrolyzer system is considered to provide varying power input conditions. Then, the two optimization problems are formulated and resolved using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms, respectively. Our results reveal that the optimal membrane thickness decreases as the constant input power increases. This suggests that high/low power inputs require thin/thick membranes. For varying power input, we collected one year of solar radiation intensity data from four different regions in China. The findings demonstrate that the selection of the optimal membrane thickness depends not only on the average solar radiation intensity but also on its seasonal variations. By applying these strategies, we effectively optimize the membrane thickness in PEM electrolyzer systems, thereby enhancing the efficiency and safety of hydrogen production. The outcomes provide valuable insights for selecting the appropriate membrane thickness in regions with varying solar radiation intensities and accounting for seasonal variations in solar radiation.
已完成理解「使用学术论文的语言将下面一段话翻译成汉语：Reducing the membrane thickness of Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer was found to efficiently promote the hydrogen production rate. However, it can also aggravate the phenomenon of hydrogen permeation, leading to an increased hydrogen content on the anode side and posing a risk of explosions. Thus, optimal design of the membrane thickness of PEM electrolyzer systems is crucial to ensure both safe and efficient hydrogen production. In this paper, we propose two optimization problems for the membrane thicknesses, aiming at achieving a balance between the hydrogen content on the anode side and the hydrogen production rate under constant and varying power input conditions. First, the theoretical model of a PEM electrolyzer is established, and a photovoltaic-PEM electrolyzer system is considered to provide varying power input conditions. Then, the two optimization problems are formulated and resolved using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms, respectively. Our results reveal that the optimal membrane thickness decreases as the constant input power increases. This suggests that high/low power inputs require thin/thick membranes. For varying power input, we collected one year of solar radiation intensity data from four different regions in China. The findings demonstrate that the selection of the optimal membrane thickness depends not only on the average solar radiation intensity but also on its seasonal variations. By applying these strategies, we effectively optimize the membrane thickness in PEM electrolyzer systems, thereby enhancing the efficiency and safety of hydrogen production. The outcomes provide valuable insights for selecting the appropriate membrane thickness in regions with varying solar radiation intensities and accounting for seasonal variations in solar radiation.」
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质子交换膜（PEM）电解槽的膜厚度减小被发现能有效促进氢气产率。然而，这也可能加剧氢气渗透现象，导致阳极侧氢气含量增加，存在爆炸风险。因此，PEM电解槽系统膜厚度的优化设计对于确保安全和高效制氢至关重要。本文提出了两个关于膜厚度的优化问题，旨在在恒定和变化的功率输入条件下，平衡阳极侧氢气含量和氢气产率。首先，建立了PEM电解槽的理论模型，并考虑了光伏-PEM电解槽系统以提供变化的功率输入条件。然后，分别使用顺序二次规划（SQP）和粒子群优化（PSO）算法对两个优化问题进行建模和求解。结果表明，随着恒定输入功率的增加，最佳膜厚度减小。这表明高/低功率输入需要薄/厚膜。对于变化的功率输入，从中国四个不同地区收集了一年的太阳辐射强度数据。研究发现，最佳膜厚度的选择不仅取决于平均太阳辐射强度，还取决于其季节性变化。通过应用这些策略，我们有效地优化了PEM电解槽系统的膜厚度，从而提高了制氢效率和安全性。这些结果为在不同太阳辐射强度地区选择合适的膜厚度以及考虑太阳辐射的季节性变化提供了有价值的见解。
