true triaxial pressure的文献

Inappropriate management of acute stress can negatively affect cognition and task performance. Frequently occurring acute stress encounters can lead to cardiovascular and immunity deficiencies, and psychological disorders such as depression, fatigue, and burnout. Biofeedback can be used as a non-invasive, passive, continuous method of managing stress in real time. A systematic review of biofeedback as a real-time stress management intervention for non-patients was conducted to identify literature between 2000 and 2017, yielding 17 studies evaluating physiological, psychological, and/or performance metrics. Participants represent convenience samples (N = 9 studies) and deliberately selected samples, whose optimal performance under stress is critical for occupational success (N = 8 studies). Various methods to collect data, display biofeedback, induce stress, and measure performance were reported. Overall, biofeedback is an effective intervention that can be used to reduce physiological and subjective stress, and enhance performance. This is especially true among professionals, whose job performance requires appropriate stress management.

2 experiments were conducted to test the proposition that once someone has agreed to a small request he is more likely to comply with a larger request. The 1st study demonstrated this effect when the same person made both requests. The 2nd study extended this to the situation in which different people made the 2 requests. Several experimental groups were run in an effort to explain these results, and possible explanations arc discussed. How can a person be induced to do something he would rather not do? This question is relevant to practically every phase of social life, from stopping at a traffic light to stopping smoking, from buying Brand X to buying savings bonds, from supporting the March of Dimes to supporting the Civil Rights Act. One common way of attacking the problem is to exert as much pressure as possible on the reluctant individual in an effort to force him to comply. This technique has been the focus of a considerable amount of experimental research. Work on attitude change, conformity, imitation, and obedience has all tended to stress the importance of the degree of external pressure. The prestige of the communicator (Kelman & Hovland, 1953), degree of discrepancy of the communication (Hovland & Pritzker, 19S7), size of the group disagreeing with the subject (Asch, 1951), perceived power of the model (Bandura, Ross, & Ross, 1963), etc., are the kinds of variables that have been studied. This impressive body of work, added to the research on rewards and punishments in learning, has produced convincing evidence that greater external pressure generally leads to greater compliance with the wishes of the experimenter. The one exception appears to be situations involving the arousal of cognitive dissonance in which, once discrepant behavior has been elicited from the subject, the greater

ObjectiveWe evaluate psychometric properties of a short version of the original effort–reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire. This measure is of interest in the context of assessing stressful work conditions in the era of economic globalization.MethodsIn a representative sample of 10,698 employed men and women participating in the longitudinal Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) in Germany, a short version of the ERI questionnaire was included in the 2006 panel wave. Structural equation modeling and logistic regression analysis were applied.ResultsIn addition to satisfactory internal consistency of scales, a model representing the theoretical structure of the scales provided the best data fit in a competitive test (RMSEA = 0.059, CAIC = 4124.19). Scoring high on the ERI scales was associated with elevated risks of poor self-rated health.ConclusionsThis short version of the ERI questionnaire reveals satisfactory psychometric properties, and can be recommended for further use in research and practice.