【查文献】记忆对于人格形成的重要影响

目的:考察不同情绪转换条件下，个体在前摄干扰的建立、最大化和释放阶段的工作记忆成绩。方法：对35名小学生施测前摄干扰任务，对比不同情绪条件下，儿童在前摄干扰各阶段的回忆正确率。结果：前摄干扰阶段的主效应显著(P 0.05)。结论：前摄干扰的释放有利于工作记忆成绩。相比高愉悦情绪词，低愉悦情绪词显著地降低了儿童的工作记忆成绩。 Objective: The aim of the present study is to explore proactive interference (PI) in the process of working memory in different emotional conditions, and to explore whether there is the existence of proactive interference release in the emotional shifts. Methods: 35 children in primary school were administered to perform proactive interference task. We compared the working memory scores in different emotional conditions. Results: It is significant for the main effect of PI (P < 0.05), and the correct frequency of PI release is significant higher than that of PI building. The main effect of emotion type is significant (P < 0.01), and the correct frequency of positive words is higher than that of negative words. It is not significant interaction between PI and emotion type. Conclusion: The release of PI can increase the working memory performance. There are more bad working memory performance in the low-happy emotional words than that of high-happy emotional words.

对于生活中不愉快的记忆，人们宁愿选择遗忘，由此个体大脑的主动抑制功能尤为重要。研究表明，人们可以主动压抑对记忆的提取从而产生遗忘。自2001年“想/不想”范式提出以来，实验材料已经从词语配对拓宽到人脸、场景、灾难性记忆、自传体记忆等上，并与期待效应范式、睡眠等相结合，分别通过ERPs和fMRI技术探讨记忆主动遗忘的脑机制。其中，ERPs技术下发现的N2家族可能存在多个子成分且表征不同功能；fMRI技术下通过功能连接发现了背外侧前额叶对海马这一自上而下的调节作用，而海马上氨基丁酸的浓度更是决定抑制效果的重要条件。 People would rather choose to forget unpleasant memories in daily life. Therefore, the motivated inhibition mechanism is important for human beings. Studies showed that people can inhibit memory retrieval promptly to achieve forgetting. As the Think/no-think task has been put forward since 2001, the experimental materials used in task have been expanded, including faces, scenes, disastrous memories and autobiographical memories, furthermore, to explore the motivated inhibition mechanism adopted neuroimaging technologies, such as ERPs and fMRI, and combined it with anticipatory effect paradigm, sleep and so on. Through event-related potentials technology, results indicate the specific component of N2 family, and different subcomponets may represent different functions. Also, the fMRI results show the top-down modulatory influence from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex via function connective analysis, while the concentration of hippocampal GABA is vital for the success of memory inhibition.