Pawaii Introduces Wireless Pet Water Fountain是那一期的文章

1. INTRODUCTION - Chittaranjan Ray and Ravi Jain 1.1 Nature and Extent of the Problem 1.2 Water Contaminants 1.3 Topics Covered 2. DRINKING WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY-COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS - Chittaranjan Ray and Ravi Jain 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Natural Filtration 2.3 Riverbank Filtration 2.4 Slow Sand Filtration 2.5 Membrane Filtration 2.6 Solar Distillation 2.7 Solar Pasteurization 2.8 Technology Development Challenges 2.9 Technological Implementation-Case Studies 3. SOLAR PASTEURIZATION - Ed Pejack 3.1 Microbiology of Water Pasteurization 3.2 Use of Solar Cookers for Drinking Water Production 3.3 Devices Designed Specifically for Water 3.4 Simple devices from common materials 3.5 Commercial Devices in Production 3.6 Devices with Recovery Heat Exchange 3.7 Water Pasteurization Indicators 3.8 Multi-Use Systems 3.9 Summary 4. MEMBRANE DESALINATION - Kishore Rajagopalan 4.1 Desalination Technologies 4.2 Thermal Desalination Technologies 4.3 Membrane Processes 4.4 Emerging Membrane Technologies 4.5 Global Growth of Membrane Desalination 4.6 Desalination Environment Interactions 4.7 Mitigation of Environmental Impacts 4.8 Membrane-Based Desalination at the Small and Medium Scale 4.9 Integrated Approaches 4.10 Conclusions 4.11 References 5. BANK FILTRATION AS NATURAL FILTRATION - Chittaranjan Ray, Jay Jasperse, and Thomas Grischek 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Natural Filtration's Implications for Sustainability 5.3 How Does It Work? 5.4 Regulatory Perspective 5.5 Key Planning Considerations 5.6 Site Characterization 5.7 Design Considerations 5.8 Operational Considerations 5.9 How Well Does It Work? 5.10 Performance Assessment of RBF Systems 5.11 Areas of Future Study and Technology Development 5.12 Implementation, Challenges, Strategies 6. SOLAR DISTILLATION - Rahul Dev and G.N. Tiwari 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Water characterization 6.3 Solar Distillation: Basic Principle 6.4 Historical Background: Evaluation Process of Solar Stills 6.5 Broad Classification of Solar Still 6.6 Various Methods of Fixing the Glass Cover onto the Solar Still Walls 6.7 Heat Transfer and Thermal Modeling 6.8 Thermal Analysis: Development of Energy Balance Equations 6.10 Comparison of distillate yield for different active solar stills 6.11 Effect of Various Parameters 6.12 Cost, Energy and Exergy Issues Related to Water Production Through Solar Stills 6.13 CO2 Emission, CO2 Mitigation and Carbon Credit Earned 6.14 Technology Transfer 6.15 Challenges in Adoption 7. TRANSDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS - Ravi Jain 7.1 Sustainability Concepts and Differing Views 7.2 Industrial Practices: Suggested Options 7.3 Sustainability of Technology in Developing Countries 7.4 Sustainability Framework 7.5 Technology Transfer and Implementation 1.1 Nature and Extent of the Problem 1.2 Water Contaminants 1.3 Topics Covered 2. DRINKING WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY-COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS - Chittaranjan Ray and Ravi Jain 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Natural Filtration 2.3 Riverbank Filtration 2.4 Slow Sand Filtration 2.5 Membrane Filtration 2.6 Solar Distillation 2.7 Solar Pasteurization 2.8 Technology Development Challenges 2.9 Technological Implementation-Case Studies 3. SOLAR PASTEURIZATION - Ed Pejack 3.1 Microbiology of Water Pasteurization 3.2 Use of Solar Cookers for Drinking Water Production 3.3 Devices Designed Specifically for Water 3.4 Simple devices from common materials 3.5 Commercial Devices in Production 3.6 Devices with Recovery Heat Exchange 3.7 Water Pasteurization Indicators 3.8 Multi-Use Systems 3.9 Summary 4. MEMBRANE DESALINATION - Kishore Rajagopalan 4.1 Desalination Technologies 4.2 Thermal Desalination Technologies 4.3 Membrane Processes 4.4 Emerging Membrane Technologies 4.5 Global Growth of Membrane Desalination 4.6 Desalination Environment Interactions 4.7 Mitigation of Environmental Impacts 4.8 Membrane-Based Desalination at the Small and Medium Scale 4.9 Integrated Approaches 4.10 Conclusions 4.11 References 5. BANK FILTRATION AS NATURAL FILTRATION - Chittaranjan Ray, Jay Jasperse, and Thomas Grischek 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Natural Filtration's Implications for Sustainability 5.3 How Does It Work? 5.4 Regulatory Perspective 5.5 Key Planning Considerations 5.6 Site Characterization 5.7 Design Considerations 5.8 Operational Considerations 5.9 How Well Does It Work? 5.10 Performance Assessment of RBF Systems 5.11 Areas of Future Study and Technology Development 5.12 Implementation, Challenges, Strategies 6. SOLAR DISTILLATION - Rahul Dev and G.N. Tiwari 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Water characterization 6.3 Solar Distillation: Basic Principle 6.4 Historical Background: Evaluation Process of Solar Stills 6.5 Broad Classification of Solar Still 6.6 Various Methods of Fixing the Glass Cover onto the Solar Still Walls 6.7 Heat Transfer and Thermal Modeling 6.8 Thermal Analysis: Development of Energy Balance Equations 6.10 Comparison of distillate yield for different active solar stills 6.11 Effect of Various Parameters 6.12 Cost, Energy and Exergy Issues Related to Water Production Through Solar Stills 6.13 CO2 Emission, CO2 Mitigation and Carbon Credit Earned 6.14 Technology Transfer 6.15 Challenges in Adoption 7. TRANSDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS - Ravi Jain 7.1 Sustainability Concepts and Differing Views 7.2 Industrial Practices: Suggested Options 7.3 Sustainability of Technology in Developing Countries 7.4 Sustainability Framework 7.5 Technology Transfer and Implementation

Since the turn of the 21st century, water pollution has been a major issue, and most of the pollution is generated by dyes. Adsorption is one of the most commonly used dye-removal methods from aqueous solution. Magnetic-particle integration in the water-treatment industry is gaining considerable attention because of its outstanding physical and chemical properties. Magnetic-particle adsorption technology shows promising and effective outcomes for wastewater treatment owing to the presence of magnetic material in the adsorbents that can facilitate separation through the application of an external magnetic field. Meanwhile, the introduction of activated carbon (AC) derived from various materials into a magnetic material can lead to efficient organic-dye removal. Therefore, this combination can provide an economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly water-purification process. Although activated carbon from low-cost and abundant materials has considerable potential in the water-treatment industry, the widespread applications of adsorption technology are limited by adsorbent recovery and separation after treatment. This work specifically and comprehensively describes the use of a combination of a magnetic material and an activated carbon material for dye adsorption in wastewater treatment. The literature survey in this mini-review provides evidence of the potential use of these magnetic adsorbents, as well as their magnetic separation and recovery. Future directions and challenges of magnetic activated carbon in wastewater treatment are also discussed in this paper.

Case Studies: Membrane Case Studies, Past, Present and Future Sea Water Reverse Osmosis - The Largest Plant in British Waters Drinking Water Sources in Kuwait Nanofiltration for Colour Removal - 7 Years Operational Experience in Scotland Ultrafiltration for 90 MLD Cryptosporidium-and Giardia-free Drinking Water Application of a New Generation Microfiltration Process for Large Scale Water and Wastewater Treatment Water Quality and Treatment: The UK System of Approval of Products Used in Contact with Drinking Water Immersed Membranes for Drinking Water Production Phosphate and Iron Removal from Seepage and Surface Water by Microfiltration Reuse of Filter Backwash Water as a Source for Drinking Water Production: Piloting and Implementation of a Full-scale Ultrafiltration Plant Improved Performance of Drinking Water Microfiltration with Hybrid Particle Pre-treatment River Trent On Tap - Comparison of Conventional and Membrane Treatment Processes The Use of Electrodialysis at Amsterdam Water Supply Applying Electrodialysis (EDR) Technology to Underground Water Treatment Nanofiltration for Drinking Water Treatment from a Eutrophied Lake in Taiwan Fouling and Cleaning: Membranes and Microorganisms - Love at First Sight and the Consequences Optimising Membrane Performance - Practical Experiences Fouling Characteristics of Membrane Filtration in Membrane Bioreactors Cleaning of Membranes in Water and Wastewater Applications Water Reuse: Water Reuse for the Next Millennium - Membrane Treatment at the Millennium Dome Wastewater Reclamation Case Studies, the Benefits of Outsourced Membrane Systems Comparison between Different Out-to-in Filtration MF/UF Membranes for the Re-use of Biologically Treated Wastewater Effluent Industrial Applications: Sulphate Removal Membrane Technology: Application to the Janice Field SASOL's Experience in the Desalination and Re-use of Acid Mine Drainage and Ash Water Recovery of Wool Scouring Effluent Utilising Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology as Part of the Activated Sludge System followed by Two-stage Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Concentration Performance on a Real Industrial Effluent using a ZenoGem (R) MBR Membrane Technology in Wood, Pulp and Paper Industries Case Studies of Wastewater Re-use for Petrochemical, Power and Paper Industry Practical Experience with a Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment-semi-cross-flow Ultrafiltration Treating Highly Coloured Waters: Design Innovations and Implications Treatment of Leachate by the MBR Process (Membrane Bioreactor) Operation of a Zero Discharge Wood Pulp Effluent Treatment Plant Integration of Maintenance and Operation into the Design of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Networks Microfiltration and Reverse Osmosis of Knostrop Final Effluent Modelling Temperature and Concentration Polarisation in Ultrafiltration of Non-Newtonian Fluid under Non-isothermal Conditions Novel Methods of Hollow Fibre Membrane Integrity Monitoring Comparison of Chemical Pretreatment Methods for Nanofiltration of Cold, Soft and Humic Waters In-situ Ultrasonic Measurements of Fouling and Cleaning Processes in Spiral-wound Membrane Modules A Novel Way to Treat Textile Wastewater with Nanofiltration and Adsorption.