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将下列文字翻译成中文,要求准确反映原文性质,要求术语翻译精确无误,保持原文的逻辑结构和层次关系清晰,术语精准全文一致(核实生态学相关的官网/百科/官方文件/期刊/报道/出版物上的对应表达),运用行业术语,符合法律和商业环境语境,清晰简洁、自然流畅,多停顿断句,短句为主,适当改变句子间的顺序以符合中文表达习惯,表明指示代词,适当加主语和宾语,尽量用主动句,具有专业权威性,以避免产生歧义或误解,避免模糊或生硬的措辞,避免冗长或复杂的结构,避免个人偏见或情绪化的语言:“The story does not end in the dry forest. For the ACG to be an evolutionary commons, the species living in it need room to move somewhere else when the conditions change. And they change often. For six months of the year, the dry forest is like a rain forest, receiving copious amounts of precipitation. For the other six months, it is like a desert. Hot, dry winds blow constantly, water is scarce, and many trees are deciduous, dropping their leaves and becoming reproductively dormant, producing no flowers, fruits, or seeds until the next wet season. This combination of a hot, dry climate with little food and water is enough to make the dry forest during the dry season inhospitable for many species. Some species find refuge by staying in place and becoming physiologically or reproductively dormant, but the dry forest needs a partner—rain forest—to be fully functional. Organisms that cannot survive the dry season in the dry forest migrate to nearby higher-elevation rain forest. The assemblage of dry forest moth species provided Janzen with one of the clearest demonstrations of this connection. In a 1987 article titled “How Moths Pass the Dry Season,” he provided the critical insight that many species need to move seasonally between the dry forest and adjacent rain forest to survive. By adding rain forest (and cloud forest and marine) habitat to the park and connecting it with dry forest, the ACG expanded not only in size (quantity) but also in function (quality), and not just one kind of ecosystem but a natural gradation among four major interconnected ecosystems too. It had become an evolutionary commons. In the rain forest, deforestation was the major problem, and again, the idea was to grow it back from what remained with minimal human intervention. The issue was not fire but rather the inability of rain forest trees to compete with grasses and establish seedlings in the pastures. The solution was to actively plant Gmelina arborea, an introduced tree species from Southeast Asia, in the pastures. Gmelina is fast growing and—critically—short-lived. It is effective at converting pastures into forest because it creates dense shade that kills the grass and its own seedlings. This allows the forest to move in, primarily through animals dispersing seeds; unlike the dry forest, seed dispersal by wind is rare in rain forests.”

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理解问题将下列文字翻译成中文,要求准确反映原文性质,要求术语翻译精确无误,保持原文的逻辑结构和层次关系清晰,术语精准全文一致(核实生态学相关的官网/百科/官方文件/期刊/报道/出版物上的对应表达),运用行业术语,符合法律和商业环境语境,清晰简洁、自然流畅,多停顿断句,短句为主,适当改变句子间的顺序以符合中文表达习惯,表明指示代词,适当加主语和宾语,尽量用主动句,具有专业权威性,以避免产生歧义或误解,避免模糊或生硬的措辞,避免冗长或复杂的结构,避免个人偏见或情绪化的语言:“The story does not end in the dry forest. For the ACG to be an evolutionary commons, the species living in it need room to move somewhere else when the conditions change. And they change often. For six months of the year, the dry forest is like a rain forest, receiving copious amounts of precipitation. For the other six months, it is like a desert. Hot, dry winds blow constantly, water is scarce, and many trees are deciduous, dropping their leaves and becoming reproductively dormant, producing no flowers, fruits, or seeds until the next wet season. This combination of a hot, dry climate with little food and water is enough to make the dry forest during the dry season inhospitable for many species. Some species find refuge by staying in place and becoming physiologically or reproductively dormant, but the dry forest needs a partner—rain forest—to be fully functional. Organisms that cannot survive the dry season in the dry forest migrate to nearby higher-elevation rain forest. The assemblage of dry forest moth species provided Janzen with one of the clearest demonstrations of this connection. In a 1987 article titled “How Moths Pass the Dry Season,” he provided the critical insight that many species need to move seasonally between the dry forest and adjacent rain forest to survive. By adding rain forest (and cloud forest and marine) habitat to the park and connecting it with dry forest, the ACG expanded not only in size (quantity) but also in function (quality), and not just one kind of ecosystem but a natural gradation among four major interconnected ecosystems too. It had become an evolutionary commons. In the rain forest, deforestation was the major problem, and again, the idea was to grow it back from what remained with minimal human intervention. The issue was not fire but rather the inability of rain forest trees to compete with grasses and establish seedlings in the pastures. The solution was to actively plant Gmelina arborea, an introduced tree species from Southeast Asia, in the pastures. Gmelina is fast growing and—critically—short-lived. It is effective at converting pastures into forest because it creates dense shade that kills the grass and its own seedlings. This allows the forest to move in, primarily through animals dispersing seeds; unlike the dry forest, seed dispersal by wind is rare in rain forests.”

已完成理解将下列文字翻译成中文,要求准确反映原文性质,要求术语翻译精确无误,保持原文的逻辑结构和层次关系清晰,术语精准全文一致(核实生态学相关的官网/百科/官方文件/期刊/报道/出版物上的对应表达),运用行业术语,符合法律和商业环境语境,清晰简洁、自然流畅,多停顿断句,短句为主,适当改变句子间的顺序以符合中文表达习惯,表明指示代词,适当加主语和宾语,尽量用主动句,具有专业权威性,以避免产生歧义或误解,避免模糊或生硬的措辞,避免冗长或复杂的结构,避免个人偏见或情绪化的语言:“The story does not end in the dry forest. For the ACG to be an evolutionary commons, the species living in it need room to move somewhere else when the conditions change. And they change often. For six months of the year, the dry forest is like a rain forest, receiving copious amounts of precipitation. For the other six months, it is like a desert. Hot, dry winds blow constantly, water is scarce, and many trees are deciduous, dropping their leaves and becoming reproductively dormant, producing no flowers, fruits, or seeds until the next wet season. This combination of a hot, dry climate with little food and water is enough to make the dry forest during the dry season inhospitable for many species. Some species find refuge by staying in place and becoming physiologically or reproductively dormant, but the dry forest needs a partner—rain forest—to be fully functional. Organisms that cannot survive the dry season in the dry forest migrate to nearby higher-elevation rain forest. The assemblage of dry forest moth species provided Janzen with one of the clearest demonstrations of this connection. In a 1987 article titled “How Moths Pass the Dry Season,” he provided the critical insight that many species need to move seasonally between the dry forest and adjacent rain forest to survive. By adding rain forest (and cloud forest and marine) habitat to the park and connecting it with dry forest, the ACG expanded not only in size (quantity) but also in function (quality), and not just one kind of ecosystem but a natural gradation among four major interconnected ecosystems too. It had become an evolutionary commons. In the rain forest, deforestation was the major problem, and again, the idea was to grow it back from what remained with minimal human intervention. The issue was not fire but rather the inability of rain forest trees to compete with grasses and establish seedlings in the pastures. The solution was to actively plant Gmelina arborea, an introduced tree species from Southeast Asia, in the pastures. Gmelina is fast growing and—critically—short-lived. It is effective at converting pastures into forest because it creates dense shade that kills the grass and its own seedlings. This allows the forest to move in, primarily through animals dispersing seeds; unlike the dry forest, seed dispersal by wind is rare in rain forests.”

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这篇故事并未在干旱森林中结束。为了让ACG成为一个进化的公共领域,生活在其中的物种需要在环境变化时找到其他地方迁移的空间。而环境变化频繁。每年有六个月,干旱森林如同雨林,接收大量降水。而在另外六个月,它则如同沙漠。炎热干燥的风不断吹拂,水源稀缺,许多树木是落叶的,它们在干季落叶并进入生殖休眠,不产生花朵、果实或种子,直到下一个雨季。这种炎热干燥的气候,加上食物和水的匮乏,足以使干旱森林在干季对许多物种来说变得不适宜居住。一些物种通过原地不动并进入生理或生殖休眠来寻找庇护,但干旱森林需要一个伙伴——雨林——才能完全发挥功能。无法在干旱森林中度过干季的生物会迁移到附近海拔较高的雨林中。Janzen通过干旱森林蛾类物种的集合,提供了这一联系的最清晰证明。在1987年的一篇文章《蛾类如何度过干季》中,他提供了关键的见解:许多物种需要季节性地在干旱森林和相邻的雨林之间移动以生存。通过在公园内增加雨林(以及云雾林和海洋)栖息地,并将其与干旱森林连接起来,ACG不仅在规模(数量)上扩展,而且在功能(质量)上扩展,不仅仅是单一类型的生态系统,而是四个主要相互连接的生态系统之间的自然梯度。它已成为一个进化的公共领域。 在雨林中,森林砍伐是主要问题,再次,想法是从剩余的部分重新生长,尽量减少人类干预。问题不是火灾,而是雨林树木无法与草竞争并在牧场上建立幼苗。解决方案是在牧场上积极种植来自东南亚的引进树种Gmelina arborea。Gmelina生长迅速,且关键的是寿命短。它有效地将牧场转化为森林,因为它创造了密集的树荫,杀死了草及其自身的幼苗。这使得森林能够进入,主要通过动物分散种子;与干旱森林不同,雨林中通过风分散种子的情况很少见。

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将下列文字翻译成中文,要求准确反映原文性质,要求术语翻译精确无误,保持原文的逻辑结构和层次关系清晰,术语精准全文一致(核实生态学相关的官网/百科/官方文件/期刊/报道/出版物上的对应表达),运用行业术语,符合法律和商业环境语境,清晰简洁、自然流畅,多停顿断句,短句为主,适当改变句子间的顺序以符合中文表达习惯,表明指示代词,适当加主语和宾语,尽量用主动句,具有专业权威性,以避免产生歧义或误解,避免模糊或生硬的措辞,避免冗长或复杂的结构,避免个人偏见或情绪化的语言:“The story does not end in the dry forest. For the ACG to be an evolutionary commons, the species living in it need room to move somewhere else when the conditions change. And they change often. For six months of the year, the dry forest is like a rain forest, receiving copious amounts of precipitation. For the other six months, it is like a desert. Hot, dry winds blow constantly, water is scarce, and many trees are deciduous, dropping their leaves and becoming reproductively dormant, producing no flowers, fruits, or seeds until the next wet season. This combination of a hot, dry climate with little food and water is enough to make the dry forest during the dry season inhospitable for many species. Some species find refuge by staying in place and becoming physiologically or reproductively dormant, but the dry forest needs a partner—rain forest—to be fully functional. Organisms that cannot survive the dry season in the dry forest migrate to nearby higher-elevation rain forest. The assemblage of dry forest moth species provided Janzen with one of the clearest demonstrations of this connection. In a 1987 article titled “How Moths Pass the Dry Season,” he provided the critical insight that many species need to move seasonally between the dry forest and adjacent rain forest to survive. By adding rain forest (and cloud forest and marine) habitat to the park and connecting it with dry forest, the ACG expanded not only in size (quantity) but also in function (quality), and not just one kind of ecosystem but a natural gradation among four major interconnected ecosystems too. It had become an evolutionary commons. In the rain forest, deforestation was the major problem, and again, the idea was to grow it back from what remained with minimal human intervention. The issue was not fire but rather the inability of rain forest trees to compete with grasses and establish seedlings in the pastures. The solution was to actively plant Gmelina arborea, an introduced tree species from Southeast Asia, in the pastures. Gmelina is fast growing and—critically—short-lived. It is effective at converting pastures into forest because it creates dense shade that kills the grass and its own seedlings. This allows the forest to move in, primarily through animals dispersing seeds; unlike the dry forest, seed dispersal by wind is rare in rain forests.”
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生态翻译学视角下的翻译策略与实践。310

🌿 生态翻译学的基本内涵

生态翻译学是一种从生态视角考察翻译的研究范式,它立足于翻译生态和自然生态的同构隐喻。8 这一理论强调翻译过程中的适应与选择,要求译者在翻译生态环境中进行多维度的适应和选择性转换。3 生态翻译学的核心概念包括“翻译生态环境”和“三维转换”,即语言维、文化维和交际维的转换。4

🌍 生态翻译学的应用实践

在实际翻译过程中,生态翻译学要求译者适应原语生态环境,采用词性转化、增译、归化、异化等翻译方法和策略,实现语言、文化、交际的“三维”转换。4 例如,在翻译《资治通鉴》时,译者通过这些方法成功保留了原文的语言风格,准确传达了原文的信息。4 此外,生态翻译学还强调译者的主体性和能动性,要求译者在翻译过程中不断适应和选择,以达到最佳的翻译效果。5

🌱 生态翻译学的未来发展

尽管生态翻译学在中国已经取得了一定的研究成果,但仍存在一些局限和不足。6 例如,目前的研究主要集中在理论探讨和个案分析上,缺乏系统的实证研究。6 未来,生态翻译学需要进一步拓展研究领域,加强与其他学科的交叉研究,特别是在生态学、语言学和翻译学之间的跨学科研究。6 此外,生态翻译学还需要更多的实证研究来验证其理论的有效性和实用性。6

🌳 生态翻译学的实际操作建议

为了在实际翻译工作中更好地应用生态翻译学,译者可以采取以下几个步骤:

  1. 理解原文的生态背景:在翻译前,深入了解原文所涉及的生态背景和语境,确保对原文有全面而准确的理解。5
  2. 选择合适的翻译策略:根据原文的特点和翻译目的,选择合适的翻译策略,如词性转化、增译、归化、异化等。4
  3. 进行多维度的适应和转换:在翻译过程中,进行语言维、文化维和交际维的多维度适应和转换,确保译文在各个维度上都能准确传达原文的信息。4
  4. 不断反思和调整:在翻译完成后,不断反思和调整译文,确保译文在语言、文化和交际层面都能达到最佳效果。5

通过以上步骤,译者可以更好地应用生态翻译学的理论和方法,提高翻译质量和效率。5

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将下列文字翻译成中文,要求准确反映原文性质,要求术语翻译精确无误,保持原文的逻辑结构和层次关系清晰,术语精准全文一致(核实生态学相关的官网/百科/官方文件/期刊/报道/出版物上的对应表达),运用行业术语,符合法律和商业环境语境,清晰简洁、自然流畅,多停顿断句,短句为主,适当改变句子间的顺序以符合中文表达习惯,表明指示代词,适当加主语和宾语,尽量用主动句,具有专业权威性,以避免产生歧义或误解,避免模糊或生硬的措辞,避免冗长或复杂的结构,避免个人偏见或情绪化的语言:“The story does not end in the dry forest. For the ACG to be an evolutionary commons, the species living in it need room to move somewhere else when the conditions change. And they change often. For six months of the year, the dry forest is like a rain forest, receiving copious amounts of precipitation. For the other six months, it is like a desert. Hot, dry winds blow constantly, water is scarce, and many trees are deciduous, dropping their leaves and becoming reproductively dormant, producing no flowers, fruits, or seeds until the next wet season. This combination of a hot, dry climate with little food and water is enough to make the dry forest during the dry season inhospitable for many species. Some species find refuge by staying in place and becoming physiologically or reproductively dormant, but the dry forest needs a partner—rain forest—to be fully functional. Organisms that cannot survive the dry season in the dry forest migrate to nearby higher-elevation rain forest. The assemblage of dry forest moth species provided Janzen with one of the clearest demonstrations of this connection. In a 1987 article titled “How Moths Pass the Dry Season,” he provided the critical insight that many species need to move seasonally between the dry forest and adjacent rain forest to survive. By adding rain forest (and cloud forest and marine) habitat to the park and connecting it with dry forest, the ACG expanded not only in size (quantity) but also in function (quality), and not just one kind of ecosystem but a natural gradation among four major interconnected ecosystems too. It had become an evolutionary commons. In the rain forest, deforestation was the major problem, and again, the idea was to grow it back from what remained with minimal human intervention. The issue was not fire but rather the inability of rain forest trees to compete with grasses and establish seedlings in the pastures. The solution was to actively plant Gmelina arborea, an introduced tree species from Southeast Asia, in the pastures. Gmelina is fast growing and—critically—short-lived. It is effective at converting pastures into forest because it creates dense shade that kills the grass and its own seedlings. This allows the forest to move in, primarily through animals dispersing seeds; unlike the dry forest, seed dispersal by wind is rare in rain forests.”
生态翻译学的核心理念是什么?
生态翻译学如何影响翻译实践?
生态翻译学与其他翻译理论有何不同?

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